The Atomic Bomb A Significant Period Of Time That Molds...

The Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomic bomb in the world was used properly or not. The biggest breathtaking experience of President Truman while in office, will never depart from the United States history. The United States was not involve in the WWII, until Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The attack on Pearl Harbor caught the United States by surprise, causing a lot of military damages and thousands of soldiers’ life. â€Å"In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed nearly 20 American ships and more than 300 airplanes. Dry docks and airfields were likewise destroyed. Most important, almost 2,500 man were killed and another 1,000 were wounded† (History, 2009). Whit the assault in Pearl Harbor, the United States had to do something to protect our citizens. A couple days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan had allied with Germany and Italy which with they also declared war on the United States. While WWII was taking place, President Truman was starting the Manhattan Project whereShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery O f Penicillin During The World Of Medicine2931 Words   |  12 PagesDefinition: A Scottish researcher, Alexander Fleming, discovered penicillin in September 1928. At the time, Fleming was experimenting with the influenza virus in a lab in London (Penicillin). After coming back from a two week vacation, Fleming noticed a mold had developed on an accidentally contaminated staphylococcus culture plate (Penicillin). Upon examination of the mold, he noticed that the culture prevented the growth of staphylococci. Fleming had discovered the world s first antibiotic. Read MoreModernization Of The Modern Western World2525 Words   |  11 PagesThe bustling cities of Western Europe, the hyper-efficient sweat shops of central China, and the international military dominance of the United States all showcase the modernization and advancement of a once-uncivilized, undeveloped, and unconnected global community. Social, economic, political, and intellectual progress sowed the seeds of transformation that led to the development of the modern Western world. This modern West tha t we know today exists solely as the product of centuries of changeRead MoreEssay on The Glory and The Dream9497 Words   |  38 Pagesthe Soil Conservation Act, the National Resource Board, the Rural Electrification Act, the Guffer-Shyder Coal Act, the National Youth Administration, and the National Labor Relations Board. 3. Who was Father Coughlin? What impact did he have on the times? a. Father Charles Coughlin was a priest who spoke sermons on the radio and became very well known. He and other priests from his parish created the Union Party. His success with the radio shows how popular the radio had become and how it was changingRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesof this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978)Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Auditing Computer Based Information Systems - 2763 Words

This research paper focuses on auditing the computer based information systems. The research methodology adopted in this case is the descriptive research based on secondary data. For the secondary data, the research paper focuses on five published research papers related to the similar field. The most important and the concrete element of any MIS is information. It needs to be constantly filled with information which is then routed through various levels of filtrations to produce meaningful information that assists employees in taking mature decisions. The road ahead was simple then with the tackling of key issues such as security and access controls, insurance policies of computing systems, examining vendor maintenance contracts and control functionality. The auditing computer based system is not as difficult as it is proclaimed by many. Most of them is just hearsay. Learning basics as to working of computer systems, one can easily grasp command over auditing such technical systems, namely knowledge of Operating Systems, Central Processing Units and Application level understanding. Auditing of online sources of financial information as well as auditing with the help of computer based system along with the manual system of auditing is a key issue that is described in this research paper. Importance Of the Study The study conducted in this research paper is important as huge chunks of financial data is now spread to the users of financial information through onlineShow MoreRelatedDo Auditors Need to Have in-Depth Knowledge of Information Technology?1362 Words   |  6 Pagesto have in-depth knowledge of information technology? Yes, auditors need to have in-depth knowledge of information technology. Networks and computers deliver the most information needed for auditing to work. For it to be effective, auditors have to use the computer as an auditing tool, audit automated systems and data, and understand the business purposes for the systems and the situation in which the systems operate. The other important uses for networks and computers by auditors are in audit administrationRead MoreEssay on Audit Proposal1327 Words   |  6 Pagesaccounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and inventory systems for Kudler Fine Foods. Kudler would now like to see a proposed audit schedule for these systems. The team will distinguish between the types of audits that may use for each process. The team will also recommend the most appropriate audit for each process and explain how to conduct the audits. Identifying events that may prevent reliance on auditing through the computer will also be presented to Kudler for review (Apollo Group,Read MoreSystem Integrity and Validation1007 Words   |  5 Pagesto the audit plan for the analyzed processes, of Kudler Fine Foods, encouragement of ways to improve audit documentation and process, by using computer technology was addressed to Kudler’s management team. As a result, Kudler Fine Foods management team is considering incorporating proposed computer assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) within its systems. CAATs will increase efficiency levels of an auditor’s personal productivity during analysis and data extraction of the audit which is beneficialRead MoreInformation Technology Audit1278 Words   |  6 PagesINF ORMATION SYSTEMS AUDIT Introduction An information technology audit, or information systems audit, is an examination of the controls within an Information technology (IT) infrastructure. IT auditing is a branch of general auditing concerned with governance (control) of information and communications technologies (computers). IT auditors primarily study computer systems and networks from the point of view of examining the effectiveness of their technical and procedural controls to minimise risksRead MoreEssay about System Integrity and Validation1055 Words   |  5 Pageshead: System Integrity and Validation System Integrity and Validation Aaron Stewart University of Phoenix Accounting Information Systems ACC/542 MBAY0ZDVQ0 Yasin Dadabhoy September 19, 2011 Preface Kudler Finer Foods has a very strong accounting information system in place but there is room for improvement. Kudler’s has taken the steps in the correct direction by implementing an industry specific system. ComputerRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Audit Processes974 Words   |  4 PagesAudit Processes Kudler Fine Food has expanded business and updated their computer systems to meet demands. As IT information is adopted within the organization, automation control processes has become more virtualized. To ensure that Kudler’s computerize systems function properly an audit must be performed on an annual basis. Management at Kudler Fine Foods wants to see the proposed audit schedules for all systems. Management wants to know the types of audit and how they will be conducted. InRead MoreComputer Assisted Audit Tools And Techniques, Data Structures And Auditing The Revenue Cycle962 Words   |  4 PagesThe third assignment is based on the following topics: Computer-assisted audit tools and techniques, Data structures and CAATT’s for Data extraction, and auditing the revenue cycle. This paper will provide solutions to the problems specified in this third assignment. The solutions can be referenced back to the provided problems from the text Information Technology Aud iting Assurance on pages 325, 384 458 respectively. Problem 1 - Processing Controls Presented in the following lines will beRead MoreManagement Requires Accurate and Reliable Accounting Control System750 Words   |  3 PagesAccounting control system ensures accuracy and reliability of information required by management for decision making. Accuracy and reliability of information is a prerequisite for management especially when an organization start becoming complex. Reliability and accuracy of information depends on how well the information reflects the economic events which t is based on. The financial statements should reflect the fair view of the status of the organization. This means that they have to be accurateRead Moreaudit proposal1127 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different types of audits including internal, external, and information technology. Companies should be familiar with the types of audits that may possibly be used on an Accounting Information System (AIS). Knowing the different types of audits and where they are used will help a company be ready for an audit and make the process much smoother. There are some circumstances where auditing through a computer is not always beneficial. Auditors want to make sure they are completing theirRead MorePublic Auditing Cloud Computing For Privacy Preserving Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Auditing in Cloud Computing for Privacy Preserving Babita Baghat (Computer Engineering) Dhanashri Patil (Computer Engineering) Abstract - Cloud Computing is huge computing, it is the internet based computing, where all users can remotely store their data into the cloud so as to enjoy the latest and high quality applications and services. In outsourcing data, users can be relieved from the burden of local maintenance and data storage .Thus, enabling public auditability for cloud data storage

Hurricane Katrina free essay sample

Can you imagine being in one of the most devastating hurricanes ever well that’s what the people in New Orleans went through? In this essay I will talk about hurricane Katrina that took place in the New Orleans. In my three paragraphs in paragraph two I will talk about who, what, when, where, why, how, in paragraph Three I will talk about who it effected who it I going to affect and why it is important, and why it was important and in paragraph four I will talk about facts, and in five I will talk about my opinion about the article. The devastating hurricane occurred in the New Orleans. How it affected the people who lived in New Orleans and, damaged their houses and belongings. Where this occurred was in the New Orleans. The damage caused from this natural disaster costing billions of dollars to repair. The floodwaters destroyed neighborhoods and survivors were struggling do hang onto their rooftops and then soon rescued. We will write a custom essay sample on Hurricane Katrina or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This occurred august 29th, 2005. Hurricane Katrina is one of the most costliest to be on record ever. There was a superdome held about 10,000 evacuees hundreds left the city to start a new life and to forget about what happened in the past. What is happening now because of this event is political and social extend for the next decade. This is going to affect everybody who lives in New Orleans and has no where to go. This event will affect a large population of people because all the people who moved are going to Massachusetts or Utah and those cities could crowded and overwhelmed. This is an important event because it affected many people and their futures. And it will affect how people will get their jobs. It will also hard to repair all the houses/neighborhoods and will take a very long time Some facts about hurricane Katrina are there were about 1,700 killed. And the storm that hit was like four combined storms. Also when the president George W. Bushs stepped in his actions were too little and late. Their high winds were 145 miles per hour. Most can say that the flood protection system had an error since the beginning and was invented for the simple stuff. Now people are preparing nationwide and creating a new flood protection systems and making new systems for New Orleans. In my opinion that there the help was too late and that most people died of being in there house without a food and water. Some evidence about my opinion is that bush didn’t really do his part and didn’t really help the cause. I think some of the damage could’ve been prevented if they had a better flood protection program. And I think the new flood protection system should be installed right a way. That was my opinion on the article. In conclusion New Orleans has to repair and for the people of new Orleans need to get jobs and find their was. I think this could have been prevented. In my three paragraphs in paragraph two I will talk about who, what, when, where, why, how, in paragraph Three I will talk about who it effected who it I going to affect and why it is important, and why it was important and in paragraph four I will talk about facts, and in five I will talk about my opinion about the article.

Jean Piaget Essays (2099 words) - Child Development,

Jean Piaget Introduction Now known as one of the trailblazers of developmental psychology, Jean Piaget initially worked in a wide range of fields. Early in his career Piaget studied the human biological processes. These processes intrigued Piaget so much that he began to study the realm of human knowledge. From this study he was determined to uncover the secrets of cognitive growth in humans. Jean Piagets research on the growth of the human mind eventually lead to the formation of the cognitive development theory which consists of three main components: schemes, assimilation and accommodation, and the stage model. The theory is best known for Piagets construction of the discontinuous stage model which was based on his study of children and how the processes and products of their minds develop over time. According to this stage model, there are four levels of cognitive growth: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. While a substantial amount of psychologists presently choo se to adhere to the constructs of the information processing approach, Piagets ground breaking cognitive development view is still a valuable asset to the branch of developmental psychology. Whether or not Piaget uncovered any answers to the mysteries of human knowledge is disputable, but one belief that few dispute is that Jean Piaget did indeed lay a strong foundation for future developmental psychologists. Historical Background In 1896 the summer in Switzerland was just an ordinary, uneventful three months. However, during this ordinary and uneventful span of time, a child was born who would become an extraordinary developmental psychologist and fulfill the future with ground breaking events in the field of cognitive psychology. He was the son of an intelligent man and a stern, smart religious woman, and the godchild of respected epistemologist Samuel Cornut. With such scholarly surroundings, there is little surprise that Jean Piaget developed into such an intelligent individual. At age eleven, young Piaget wrote a paper on albino sparrows and got it published. This publishing provided him with the opportunity to meet a man who would turn out to be very influential, Paul Godet, the curator at the local museum. Young Piaget also benefited highly from his prestigious high school in Neuchatel, along with the aforementioned godfather Samuel Cornut who introduced him to one of the two fields he would grow to love, epistemology, and the most of all Jean Piagets parents who not only instilled an academic home environment but also provided a solid religious background. Another big moment came in the from of a book. Piaget names Henry Bergsons LEvolution Creatrice as the most influential piece of writing he has ever read in his adult life. From this book Piaget developed a desire for biology to go along with his existing interest in philosophy, epistemology to be exact. Piaget stated in his first two books that he had ambitions of constructing a structure that addressed the basic questions of epistemology. However, Piagets strong initial interest in philosophy declined somewhat when he discovered that the philosophers did not really know any factual answers to questions that have plagued humanity. Piaget now became equally interested in biology and epistemology. This dual interest attracted him to psychology, yet he still was unsure of what direction he should take in his career. It was not until Piaget traveled to Paris to hear his favorite writer of the time, Bergson, that he began to get an idea of what he wanted to do. There Piaget met James M. Baldwin who would motivate him and teach him the importance of imitation and of reversible operations. Both of these qualities would play a key role in the formation of Piagets development theory. However, Piagets major turning point came when the co-worker of the late Alfred Binet, Dr. Simon, requested that he standardize an intelligence test. Piaget flourished in the role of answering complex philosophical questions. Yet, Piaget did not go along with the traditional epistemologists who simply laid back and tried to conjure up answers. Piaget opted for the more biological-type of experiments with epistemology topics. This method of biological experimentation with epistemology gave Piaget the motivation to begin testing children and to do what he felt he was destined to do, determine how the mid grows. His result w as

the book of job essays

the book of job essays The Book of Job Job was a righteous man who lived in Uz. He had seven sons and three daughters. He owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yokes of oxen, five hundred donkeys and many slaves. Each year, he held a banquet where Job would have each of his children purified. He did this for fear that they might have sinned and cursed God in their hearts. On the day that the angels came to attest before God, God pointed out to the accusing angel (Satan) Job's character. He pointed out how righteous and respectful he was toward Him. Satan claims that Job's character originates with evil and self-serving motives. He claims that Job is so righteous and respectful because he has no reason to act otherwise, but if God were to give him hardship, he would curse Him to his face. Satan then challenges God to test Job. Reluctantly, God accepts the challenge. On Earth, Job is stricken with misfortune. All of his animals are either stolen or struck by lightning. All his child ren died of one tragedy or another. Yet, Job did not curse God. He figured that the same way God gave to him, he took away. Again, God took pride in Job. He bragged to Satan about how faithful and righteous his servant, Job was. Still, Satan doubted him. He claimed that Job was still faithful and righteous because he had not been affected directly by God's test. He persuades God to test Job once more. This time, Job's health is destroyed in a most horrifying form. Job is covered in boils from head to toe so badly, that he uses a piece of broken pottery to scratch himself with. At this point, Job's integrity is tested by his wife. She wonders why he is still so faithful to God. She thinks that it is about time that he begins cursing God for what He has done to him. Still, Job rebukes his wife and refuses to sin. Job had three friends: Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Namathite. These three friends heard of what happened to Job an...

Sedentism, Community-Building, Began 12,000 Years Ago

Sedentism, Community-Building, Began 12,000 Years Ago Sedentism refers to the decision made first by humans at least 12,000 years ago to start living in groups for long periods of time. Settling down, picking a place and living in it permanently for at least part of the year, is partially but not entirely related to how a group gets required resources. This includes gathering and growing food, stone for tools, and wood for housing and fires. Hunter-Gatherers and Farmers In the 19th century, anthropologists defined two different lifeways for people beginning in the Upper Paleolithic period. The earliest lifeway, called hunting and gathering, describes people who were highly mobile, following herds of animals like bison and reindeer, or moving with normal seasonal climatic changes to collect plant foods as they ripened. By the Neolithic period, so the theory went, people domesticated plants and animals, necessitating permanent settlement to maintain their fields. However, extensive research since then suggests that sedentism and mobility - and hunter-gatherers and farmers - were not separate lifeways but rather two ends of a continuum that the groups modified as circumstances required. Since the 1970s, anthropologists use the term complex hunter-gatherers to refer to hunter-gatherers who have some elements of complexity, including permanent or semi-permanent residences. But even that doesnt encompass the variability that is now apparent: in the past, people changed how mobile their lifestyles were depending on circumstances, sometimes due to climatic changes, but for a range of reasons, from year to year and decade to decade. What Makes a Settlement Permanent? Identifying communities as permanent ones is somewhat difficult. Houses are older than sedentism. Residences such as brushwood huts at Ohalo II in Israel and mammoth bone dwellings in Eurasia occurred as early as 20,000 years ago. Houses made of animal skin, called tipis or yurts, were the homestyle of choice for mobile hunter-gatherers throughout the world for an unknown period of time before that. The earliest permanent structures, made from stone and fired brick, were apparently public structures rather than residences, ritual places shared by a mobile community. Examples include the monumental structures of Gobekli Tepe, the tower at Jericho, and the communal buildings at other early sites such as Jerf el Ahmar and Mureybet, all in the Levant region of Eurasia. Some of the traditional features of sedentism are residential areas where houses were built close to one another, large-scale food storage and cemeteries, permanent architecture, increased population levels, non-transportable toolkits (such as massive grinding stones), agricultural structures such as terraces and dams, animal pens, pottery, metals, calendars, record-keeping, slavery, and feasting. But all of these features are related to the development of prestige economies, rather than sedentism, and most developed in some form prior to permanent year-round sedentism. Natufians and Sedentism The earliest potentially sedentary society on our planet was the Mesolithic Natufian, located in the Near East between 13,000 and 10,500 years ago (BP). However, much debate exists about their degree of sedentism. Natufians were more or less egalitarian hunter-gatherers whose social governance shifted as they shifted their economic structure. By about 10,500 BP, the Natufians developed into what archaeologists call Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic as they increased in population and reliance on domesticated plants and animals and began living in at least partially year-round villages. These processes were slow, over periods of thousands of years and intermittent fits and starts. Sedentism arose, quite independently, in other areas of our planet at different times. But like the Natufians, societies in places such as Neolithic China, South Americas Caral-Supe, the North American Pueblo societies, and the precursors to the Maya at Ceibal all changed slowly and at different rates over a long period of time. Sources Asouti, Eleni. A Contextual Approach to the Emergence of Agriculture in Southwest Asia: Reconstructing Early Neolithic Plant-Food Production. Current Anthropology, Dorian Q. Fuller, Vol. 54, No. 3, The University of Chicago Press Journals, June 2013. Finlayson, Bill. Architecture, sedentism, and social complexity at Pre-Pottery Neolithic A WF16, Southern Jordan. Steven J. Mithen, Mohammad Najjar, Sam Smith, Darko MariÄ ević, Nick Pankhurst, Lisa Yeomans, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May 17, 2011.   Inomata, Takeshi. Development of sedentary communities in the Maya lowlands: Coexisting mobile groups and public ceremonies at Ceibal, Guatemala. Jessica MacLellan, Daniela Triadan, Jessica Munson, Melissa Burham, Kazuo Aoyama, Hiroo Nasu, Flory Pinzà ³n, Hitoshi Yonenobu, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, April 7, 2015. Railey, Jim A. Reduced Mobility or the Bow and Arrow? Another Look at Expedient Technologies and Sedentism. Volume 75, Issue 2, American Antiquity, January 20, 2017. Reed, Paul F. Sedentism, Social Change, Warfare, and the Bow in the Ancient Pueblo Southwest. Phil R. Geib, Wiley Online Library, June 17, 2013. Rosen, Arlene M. Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. Isabel Rivera-Collazo, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, March 6, 2012.

7 Foster homes in 14 years for lexi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

7 Foster homes in 14 years for lexi - Essay Example Jude is a mother who is used to controlling the lives of her children and taking Lexi under her wing. This makes it impossible to control the effect she has on her twins. She tries to follow her dreams by making Zach to accompany Mia to college for protection. Mia’s friendship with Lexi is as a result of her loneliness and shyness from the world. Lexi is a girl who never experienced motherly love due to her drug addict mother who finally overdose leaving her with her aunt Eva. Her mother kept her in and out of foster homes which leaves her with low self-esteem, and the drive to do the right thing for the protection of those she cares about. The drug problem of Lexi’s mother robs her the chance of a family security, warm and wellbeing which she finds in the small town with her aunt Eva. This leads to her open welcoming into her life Zach and Mia when they show her empathy despite everyone else dismissing her. This is further shown by her taking responsibility for the accident and her reunion with her past fears. She easily becomes friends with Mia for her longing for family. Mia brings this feeling to her and her mother has no choice but to keep her close for the sake of her shy daughter. Loyalty, love and friendship which is challenged during the accident at Night Road results into the people involved to struggle with pain, feeling of guilt and loss many years later. It brings out Lexi’s maturity from a young teenager into a mature woman with a glimpse of the

Investing in IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investing in IT - Essay Example tened that our current human resource could not operate our kind of business without the backing of a well-established information systems department. Our technical department argued that with most of our business processes and transactions being computer based we had to take care of tasks such as system administrations, computer hardware engineering and networking, management of data and software and database design. The option of external sourcing for professionals to carry out these tasks for us was expensive and not viable in the long term for our business. According to Brynjolfsson (1994, p.6), investing in information technology does pay for a number of reasons and taking that into consideration, we have been able to reduce the workload on our workers while saving on time, grow our business further and make profits, deliver quality, effective and satisfactory service to our clients due to the increased positive feedback responses, improve our overall production in terms of output from our human resource, tracing of our business courses and document storage facilitation, control our transportation and communication related activities, thus cutting down on expenses involved, attract new businesses as a result of our new web augmentations such as blogs, client support structures, merchandise catalogs and newsletters as currently we are facing increased traffic and gain a competitive edge over our customers and increase the number of our customers. As Brynjolfsson reiterated on the importance of information technology (1993, p.66-78), we too have managed to measure the impact information technology has had on our business and so far it’s a positive one. We took a number of factors into consideration: Customers - We had a look at the number of new and return customers and we realized our numbers increased and so we seem to be heading in the right direction in terms of offering solutions to our customer needs. Were we able to describe their problem correctly

Pre-Industrial European Labour Market Essay Example for Free

Pre-Industrial European Labour Market Essay In this critical review I will compare the two texts by Peter Earle and Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk. The articles are about woman’s work in the 17th and early 18th century respectively about women’s work in the Dutch textile industry and female labour marked in London. The article by Earle (in 1989) is released before Meerkerk’s article (2006) and there are in Meerkerk analysis some pointing to Earle’s article. I will start with a short presentation of each of the two articles, how and from what time data is collected, some of the findings and conclusion. And then what contribution their papers have made to the historical debate about women’s role in the pre-industrial labour market. Both Earle and Meerkerk refer to Alice Clarks pioneer study from 1919 about women’s work in production in pre-industrial time[1] [2]. Earle is more critical to her work than Meerkerk. Peter Earle is the first person after Alice Clark to look deep and critically into how women had it in the labour market in the 17th and 18th century. In his article Earle is saying â€Å"Indeed, it would be fair to say that we know virtually nothing about the female labour force in early modern London except in the most unstructured and superficial way[3]. An important note Earle makes in his introduction is that the arguments that Alice Clark put forward has more or less just became accepted and Peter Earle is the first one to test Alice Clark’s analyze[4]. A main thing Meerkerk and Earle are concentrating on is Clark statement that there where a ‘golden age’ for women in the 17th and 18th century. What becomes clear in Meerkeerk article is that she is influenced by development in economic theory and social theory as well. The way Meerkeerk and Earle do their analyze is different. A major reason for that is that Meerkeerk is a social scientist while Earle is a ‘traditional empiricist historian’. What is easy to see is that Earle look at numbers much more than Meerkerk do, and while Meerkerk also look at numbers, she uses market theories as well such as the split market theory to analyze the findings. Katrina Honeyman and Jordan Goodman used this when they where looking at European women’s work between1500 – 1900[5]. Peter Earle is more or less guided by his sources. He goes thru his sources and construct figures [6] from his sources. He also takes other sources from other historians such as Wrigley and Schofield [7]. And this is what he is basing his conclusion on. Meerkerk on the other hand developed a frame work, she had an idea before she starting on the research. The idea is that of how to analyze her data. Based upon works from many social scientists and historians and their findings, she found that †we must therefore derive a new theoretical framework to explain the working of gender in the pre-industrial labour marked† [8]. On this background she analysed the data. Her work became a supplement to understand the segmentation of the labour market. Meerkerk wanted to know who got the core jobs, who got the peripheral jobs and why men tends to earn more than women even if they are doing the same work. Core jobs are higher paid and productivity while peripheral jobs is lower paid and lower productivity. Peter Earle has data from witnesses and defendants in the time period of approximately 1660 – 1725. Earle have an impressive material from whole London divided by districts, occupations, full-time and part-time, women and men and their age. He also has data from which class the citizens are from, if they are upper class or lower class (low wealth to high wealthy), and also reading skills and illiterate[9]. Earle is self-stating that poor people are under represented because they weren’t literate enough to be called as witnesses[10] Meerkerk’s material not less impressive than Earle’s, is from last quarter of the sixteenth century, first half of seventeenth century and 1810. Other than showing women in the textile industry in Holland, she are showing the percentage of married women who are in work, men and women in different industries, different jobs, heads of family per industrial sector and heads of family in textile industry. She also looks at women and men’s income. Meerkerk also has an analyse of guilds in the textile industry[11]. What is worth mentioning is that Tilburg and Leiden who are the main places in Holland she is looking at was wealthy places economically mainly because of the textile industry. Conclusion: Even though they goes with their work in a different way, they both come up with similar conclusions. None of them believes it was a ‘golden-age’ for women. Meerkerk said women where restricted to peripheral and low paid jobs but it was changeable, depending upon industry and it as is peak when women occasionally gets better paid jobs, but as soon the industry starts to decline women where the first to loose their job. The fine jobs women’s ones had, where then given to men. It’s easy to see there where gender discrimination. As mentioned, Earle has a kind of similar conclusion; He means that women where expected to work at that time to support their family. Women got low-paid and low skilled jobs while men got the higher paid jobs (core jobs). Meerkerk and Earle’s works compliments each other as to real knowledge about women’s situation on the labour marked in pre-industrial times. What Meerkerk’s work gives us more than Clark is supplement to the theories about segmented labour marked and the labour marked segregated by gender, and she are valuable to understand the labour marked in preindustrial time and today’s labour marked as well. Bibliography: Earle, Peter: The female labour market in London in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, 1989 Economic History Review, 2nd ser., XLII, 3(1989), pp. 328-353 Meerkerk, Elise Van Nederveen; Segmentation in the Pre-Industrial Labour Market: Women’s Work in the Dutch Textile Industry, 1581 – 1810 page 189 216, 2006 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis

Free Essay on Homers Odyssey - Odysseus and Telemachus :: Homer Odyssey Essays

The Odyssey - Odysseus and Telemakhos At the beginning of the book Telemakhos is troubled with the suitors trying to marry his mother. He tries to keep them in line but they are rampant, especially when they're drunk. They kill Odysseus's herd for their own feedings and disrespect the house of Odysseus. So Telemakhos is obliged to search for his father because he is his last and only hope of keeping the suitors away. He is determined to search for his father and must find him at all costs. When Odysseus is stuck on the island of Kalypso, Athena had obliged him to leave the island in search of his home, Ithaka. She tells him of the memories he had there and he remembered how much he had longed for Ithaka. So he was determined to get home. Just like how Telemakhos was determined to find his father. They were destined by the gods to come together. In book 16, it talks about Telemakhos and his father talking to each other planning how they were going to take over the suitors. They talked and talked an d were happy to see each other. When Odysseus told Telemakhos that he wished to stay as a beggar for a little while and get used to the town before he attacks the suitors, Telemakhos didn't feel it was right. He knew that if he were to go into town he would be mocked by the suitors and antagonized by them. He may even be beaten. This shows that Telemakhos cares for Odysseus and his honor. But Odysseus knew that he must be a beggar until it is the right time. "Let your ribs cage up your springing heart, no matter what I suffer, no matter if they pull me by the heels or practice shots at me, to drive me out. Look on, hold down your anger." (16, 326) So Telemakhos had no choice but to agree. "Ah, father, even when danger comes I think you'll find courage in me. I am not scatterbrained." (16, 369) This may greatly affect his honor and maybe create hatred towards the suitors so he will be pumped up and ready to kill the suitors at any time.

Marriage Under 18

Log In | Essays Book Notes Citation Generator More Sign Up Search 860 000 Essays How to Fix Your Marriage. 7 Secrets to Fixing Your Marriage. Alternative to Marriage Counseling. www. MarriageMax. c om/7-Secrets-Free Ask a Relationship Expert A Counselor Will Answer in Minutes! Questions Answered Every 9 Seconds. JustAnswer. c om/Relationships Is He Cheating On You? 1) Enter His Email Address 2) See Hidden Social Profiles & Pics Now! Spokeo. c om/Find-Cheaters Essays  » Social Research  » Relationships Marriage Under 18 Years Old By bolorchris, Jun 2011 | 3 Pages (684 Words) | 391 Views| Report |Sign Up to access full essay This is a Premium essay Marriage under 18 years old â€Å"She may do nothing against God’s will, but many things she must against her own will if her husband require her. † Population council said more than 51 million girls younger than 18 are already married in 2003. In the world teenagers are making a family when they are so young. God created a nd created family to feel happiness, rest and peace. Marriage was not men idea, only God’s idea. So God thought â€Å"To provide a helpful mate for Adam, it was not good that man should be alone. Marriage is a very blessing by God to men. But many people don’t worry about importance of marriage. May be some of these couple will have difficulties. But some people strongly agree that teenagers are able to marriage by their decisions. God always gave people choice about marriage. In the world teenagers became immoral. They get much information is the web's leading learning tool. We inspire millions of students every day with over 650,000 model essays and papers, AP notes and book notes. Learn More Life Application Study Bible open in browser PRO version Are you a developer?Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. com which they don’t need from TV, internet, friends and many things. People usually learn and practice that information. Teens are usually not prepared for marriage, spiritually, mentally and physically. Maybe only handful can be. Before marriage especially man must be grown enough by his spiritual life more than physically. God created man to lead his family, not woman. So man must be responsible with everything. Some man became adult but he is baby by his Read The Bible Straight From Your Desktop with the Free Bible App! Bible. addonreviews. om Related essays The Irrational 18-Year-Old Criminal †¦ for an offence rose dramatically form 3 to 17 percent when kid are exactly 18†¦ 2 pages Jun 2008 Is this the right essay for you? Watch the video below to read 2 more pages now. or Sign Up for Free and read the full essay Drinking Age Should Be 18 Years Old †¦ are for the change have several legitimate arguments. One argument is that our†¦ 4 pages Oct 2005 Do You Agree Or Disagree With The Following Statement? Parents Or Other Adult Relatives Should Make Important Decisions For Their (15 To 18 Year-Old) Teenage Children .Use Specific Reasons And Examples To Support Your Opinion. †¦ No one knows me as well as my parents. No one wants the best for me like my parents. It is†¦ 2 pages Oct 2011 Pabasa Sa Nutrisyon: It’s Effect On The Level Of Knowledge Of Mothers & Nutritional Status Of 0-6 Years Old Children †¦ iii. Best practices on child care for well nourished children 0-5 years old†¦ 30 pages Feb 2012 40-Year-Old Virgin †¦ have been around for roughly 80 years, more and more come out each year†¦ 5 pages Mar 2007 Cite This Essay APA MLA CHICAGO open in browser PRO versionAre you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. com (2011, 06). Marriage Under 18 Years Old.   Retrieved 06, 2011, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Marriage-Under-18-Years-Old714290. html Add a comment†¦ Fac ebook s oc ial plugin Ready to get started? Products Essays AP Notes Book Notes Citation Generator Company About Blog Help Jobs Contact Follow Facebook Twitter Google+ Sign Up Free  ©2012 Legal Site Map Advertise open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. com

 Art of Characterization of Henry Fielding Essay

Joseph Andrews is Fielding’s first novel. It is a classical example of a literary work which started as a parody and ended as an excellent work of art in its own right. The work Fielding intended to parody was Richardson’s first novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded which had taken England by storm in the years following 1740 when it was first published. In his novel Fielding intended in the beginning to show how Lady Booby (aunt of â€Å"Lord B. † in Richardson’s novel) attempts the virginity of Joseph Andrews, described as the virtuous Pamela’s brother but in the end discovered to be different. The whole intention was comic. But after Chapter IX Joseph Andrews seems to break away completely from the original intention. Parson Adams, who has no counterpart in Pamela, runs away with the novel. He â€Å"is one of the most living, lovable, comical bundles of wisdom and simplicity in all literature. † In the words of Edmund Gosse, â€Å"Parson Abraham Adams, alone, would be a contribution to English letters. † He indeed is the hero of the novel, and not Joseph Andrews. Fielding was aware of giving a new literary form with Joseph Andrews which he called â€Å"a comic epic in prose. † Fielding is a great master of the art of characterization also. Fielding’s broad human sympathy coupled with his keen observation of even the faintest element of hypocrisy in a person is his basic asset as a master of characterization. He laughs and makes us laugh at many of his characters, but he is never cynical or misanthropic. He is a pleasant satirist, sans malice, sans harshness. He gives no evidence of being angry at the foibles of his characters or of holding a lash in readiness. His comic creations resemble those of Chaucer and Shakespeare. Parson Trulliber and Falstaff, if they were to meet, would have immediately recognized each other! Fielding is one of the greatest humorists in English literature. The same comic spirit which permeates his plays is also evident in his novels. As he informs us, the author upon whom he modeled himself was Cervantes; it is not surprising, therefore, that comedy should be his method. Fielding’s humor is wide in range. It rises from the coarsest farce to the astonishing heights of the subtlest irony. On one side is his zestful description of various fights and, on the other, the grim irony of Jonathan Wild. Higher! than both is that ineffable, pleasant, and ironic humor that may be found everywhere in Tom Jones but is at its best in Joseph Andrews where it plays like summer lightning around the figure of Parson Adams-an English cousin of Don Quixote. Fielding’s very definition of the novel as â€Å"a comic epic in prose† is indicative of the place of humor and comedy in his novels and, later, those of many of his followers. It may be pointed out here that Richardson had no sense of humor; he was an unsmiling moralist and sentimentalist. Comparing the two, Coleridge says: â€Å"There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that prevails everywhere strongly contrasted with the close, hot, tfay-dreamy continuity of Richardson. † Fielding’s humor is sometimes of the satiric kind, but he is never harsh or excessively cynical.

Quality Management for Organizational Excellence

Quality Management for Organizational Excellence Quality management is a continuous organizational process which is aimed at meeting and exceeding the customers’ requirements through specific processes and an organization wide participation in planning and implementation. The elements of quality management include focus on the customer, strategy, teamwork, continual commitment and a scientific approach. Other elements are continuous improvement, training and education, control and obsession with quality (Hakes, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management for Organizational Excellence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The customer is the most important aspect of an organization because all activities that the firm conducts are geared toward the supply of goods or services to the customer. The internal customer is just as important as the external customer. The internal customer refers to individuals that are members of an organization who contrib ute to the final product that is offered to the customer. Since processes are what determine the end product, it is necessary to continually improve them. When set objects are met, new objectives should be set for great levels of quality. Organizations that practice quality management are strategic in that they aim to be in line with set organizational objectives (Hakes, 1991). Quality management also takes into consideration the future of the organization and activities of competitors. The organization is obsessed with meeting the quality standards that are required by the customers. In this way, the employees desire to do their best all the time. The focus on quality is not just for the short term but for the long run as well. In order for the entire organization to be one-minded in quality, all employees have to be trained and educated on quality management. The quality management process requires that there be adequate control from top management, although autonomy is encourag ed. A scientific approach is used in setting targets, benchmarking and performance appraisal (Hakes, 1991). Kaoru Ishikawa was a pioneer in the subject of quality management. He emphasized on the quality management elements of customer focus and education of employees. His doctrine pointed to employee training as the basis for the commencement and maintenance of quality management in an organization. He came up with quality circles which enable employees to be involved in problem solving while increasing their ability to identify opportunities for growth (Hakes, 1991). The development of these elements made Kaoru Ishikawa successful because organizations have been able to increase revenue and deal with competition in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality management is very useful in today’s market environment. Competition is one of the biggest challenges facing firms. Market leader should employ quality market so as to maintain there position in terms of market share and profits. On the other hand, small organizations that are growing or trying to penetrate the market, would benefit greatly from quality management. Customers in the current market are very complex and knowledgeable. They know what they want and expect companies to provide goods and services which meet certain standards. Quality management would enable a firm to meet the customers’ needs thus ensuring that there will be repeat purchases and loyalty to the brand. The quality management field is likely to grow in future. More efficient and effective system will be developed so as to improve the position of the firm in the future market. The focus may be on external factors in the market such as changes in technology, globalization and environmental concerns. Reference List Hakes, C. (1991). Total quality management: the key to business improvement: a Pera International executive briefing. London: Springer.

How to Say Happy Halloween in Japanese

How to Say Happy Halloween in Japanese Happy Halloween translates into, Happii Harowin (ãÆ' Ã£Æ'Æ'ãÆ'ӋÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' ­Ã£â€š ¦Ã£â€š £Ã£Æ' ³) when phonetically copying the English expression. Happy ~ generally translated as ~ omdetou (㠁Šã‚ Ã£  §Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€ ) when saying Happy Birthday (Tanjoubi Omedetou) or Happy New Year (Akemashite Omedetou). However, phrases like, Happy Halloween, Happy Valentines or Happy Easter dont use this pattern. Halloween Vocabulary The following are common words associated with Halloween with how to pronounce and write them in Japanese: harowiin ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ­Ã£â€š ¦Ã£â€š £Ã£Æ' ³ - Halloweenjuu-gatsu Ã¥  Ã¦Å"ˆ - Octobermajo é ­â€Ã¥ ¥ ³ - a witchkumo ã‚ ¯Ã£Æ' ¢ - a spiderhouki 㠁 »Ã£ â€ Ã£   - a broomohaka 㠁Šå ¢â€œ - a graveobake 㠁Šã  °Ã£ â€˜ - ghostkyuuketsuki Ã¥  ¸Ã¨ ¡â‚¬Ã© ¬ ¼ - a vampirekuroneko é »â€™Ã§Å' « - a black catakuma æ‚ ªÃ© ­â€ - the Devil; Satanzonbi ã‚ ¾Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'“ - a zombiemiira ãÆ'Ÿã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' © - a mummygaikotsu é ª ¸Ã© ª ¨ - a skeletonkoumori 㠁“㠁†ã‚‚ã‚Š - a batookami otoko ç‹ ¼Ã§â€ · - a werewolffurankenshutain ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ±Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ' ³ - Frankensteinkabocha 㠁‹ã  ¼Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šÆ' - pumpkinobake yashiki 㠁ŠåÅ'â€"㠁‘å ±â€¹Ã¦â€¢ · - a haunted housekosuchuumu ã‚ ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'   - a costumerousoku ã‚ Ã£ â€ Ã£  Ã£   - a candleokashi 㠁Šè â€œÃ¥ ­  - candykowai æ€â€"㠁„ - scary Phrases for Halloween Kabocha o horu. 㠁‹ã  ¼Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šÆ'ã‚’å ½ «Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - I carve a pumpkin.Rousoku o tomosu. ã‚ Ã£ â€ Ã£  Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£  ¨Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š - I light candles.Kodomo ni okashi o ageru. Ã¥ ­ Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ£  «Ã£ Å Ã¨ â€œÃ¥ ­ Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â€šÃ£ â€™Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - I give treats to the kids.Majo no kasou o suru. é ­â€Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ®Ã¤ » ®Ã¨ £â€¦Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - I wear the witchs costume.Horaa eiga o miru. ãÆ'݋Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ¼Ã¦Ëœ  Ã§â€ »Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š - I watch a horror movie.Akumu ni unasareru. æ‚ ªÃ¥ ¤ ¢Ã£  «Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šÅ'る。 - I have a nightmare. Ekaki Uta Ekaki uta is a type song that describes how to draw animals and/or favorite characters. Ekaki uta are supposed to help children remember how to draw something by incorporating drawing directions into the lyrics. Ekaki uta for, obake (a ghost) can be found and listened to on YouTube. If you are curious about the white triangular piece of cloth that the little obake wears  on his forehead in the video of the song, it is called, hitaikakushi, which is also often worn by Japanese ghosts. Urameshiya is a phrase said, in a sorrowful voice, by Japanese ghosts when they appear. It means, a curse on you. 㠁Šã Å Ã£  Ã£  ª 㠁 µÃ£  Ã£â€š Ã£  « 㠁Šã  ¿Ã£ Å¡Ã£â€šâ€™ 㠁„ã‚Å'㠁 ¦Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€™ 㠁 ¾Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â€šâ€° 㠁 ½Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šÆ'ん㠁 ¨ 㠁 ¯Ã£  ­Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ²Ã£  £Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ Ã£ â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁‚㠁 £Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¹Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€¹Ã£   㠁 ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€ Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šâ€° 㠁†ã‚‰ã‚‰ 㠁†ã‚‰ã‚ Ã£ â€"や㠁†ã‚‰ã‚‰ 㠁†ã‚‰ã‚‰ 㠁†ã‚‰ã‚ Ã£ â€"ã‚„ Ookina fukuro ni omizu o ireteTane o maitara pochan to hanetaHikkuri kaette akkanbeeSankaku tsuketaraObake-san!Urara urara urameshiyaUrara urara urameshiya Obake Nante Naisa Here is a children song called Obake nante nai sa (There are no ghosts!): 㠁Šã  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁†ã  Ã£ â€¢Ã£  ­Ã£  ¼Ã£ â€˜Ã£ Å¸ 㠁 ²Ã£  ¨Ã£ Å'㠁 ¿Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¡Ã£ Å'㠁ˆã Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£ â€¢Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã‚  Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¼Ã£  Ã£   Ã£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁“ã‚ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁†ã  Ã£ â€¢ Obake nante nai saObake nante uso saNeboketa hito gaMimachigaeta no saDakedo chotto dakedo chottoBoku datte kowai naObake nante nai saObake nante uso sa 㠁 »Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  « 㠁Šã  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£ Å'㠁 §Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€šâ€° 㠁 ©Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€"よ㠁†ã‚Å'㠁„㠁žã â€ Ã£ â€œÃ£  « 㠁„ã‚Å'㠁 ¦Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ' Ã£  « 㠁â€"㠁 ¡Ã£â€šÆ'㠁Šã â€ Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ 㠁  Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¼Ã£  Ã£   Ã£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁“ã‚ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁†ã  Ã£ â€¢ Honto ni obake gaDetekitara doushiyouReizouko ni ireteKachi kachi ni shichaouDakedo chotto dakedo chottoBoku datte kowai naObake nante nai saObake nante uso sa 㠁  Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁“㠁 ©Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£  ªÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£  ¨Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£   Ã£  ¡Ã£  « 㠁 ªÃ£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€šÃ£  Ã£ â€"ã‚…ã‚’ 㠁â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ Å Ã£â€šâ€žÃ£  ¤Ã£â€šâ€™ 㠁Ÿã  ¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ 㠁  Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¼Ã£  Ã£   Ã£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁“ã‚ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁†ã  Ã£ â€¢ Dakedo kodomo naraTomodachi ni narouAkushu o shite karaOyatsu o tabeyouDakedo chotto dakedo chottoBoku datte kowai naObake nante na isaObake nante uso sa 㠁Šã  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ® 㠁 ¨Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£   Ã£  ¡Ã£  ¤Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¦Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  Ã£ â€œÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¦Ã£ â€ Ã£  ® 㠁 ²Ã£  ¨Ã£ Å'㠁 ³Ã£  £Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ  㠁™ã‚‹ã   Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ 㠁  Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¼Ã£  Ã£   Ã£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁“ã‚ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁†ã  Ã£ â€¢ Obake no tomodachiTsurete aruitaraSokora juu no hito gaBikkuri suru darouDakedo chotto dakedo chottoBoku datte kowai naObake nante nai saObake nante uso sa 㠁Šã  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ®Ã£  Ã£  «Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£   Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€˜ 㠁  Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€¢Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£  ¯Ã£  ªÃ£ â€" 㠁 Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£ Å Ã£  µÃ£â€š Ã£  «Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã£   Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ 㠁  Ã£ â€˜Ã£  © 㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¼Ã£  Ã£   Ã£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁“ã‚ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁 ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£ Å Ã£  °Ã£ â€˜Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦ 㠁†ã  Ã£ â€¢ Obake no kuni dewaObake darake datte saSonna hanashi kiiteOfuro ni hairouDakedo chotto dakedo chottoBoku datte kowai naObake nante nai saObake nante uso sa

An Examination of Intertextuality Between Alice Munros Simons Luck and Essay

An Examination of Intertextuality Between Alice Munros Simons Luck and Margaret Atwoods Happy Endings - Essay Example Whether or not the average reader is familiar with the particulars of the hypothesis, one cannot avoid several decades of literature and culture influenced by these ideas, as they range from the daydreams of Thurber's The Secret Life of Walter Mitty to the fantastic worlds of C. S. Lewis's Narnia books. The two stories examined in this paper, Alice Munro's "Simon's Luck" and Margaret Atwood's "Happy Endings," couple the form of multiple realities with the human psychology of traditional literature. Reader's need only the latent immersion of the involved concepts that permeate the today's world; their inner empathy and the authors' skill will maintain one's attention. Only through closer examination can the levels of intertextuality begin to be distinguished, compared, and analyzed. Munro's story has already existed in a different reality, i.e. it was originally published in 1978 under the title "Emily," which perhaps was the narrator's name before she blossomed into this incarnation as Rose. The reason for the name change will be addressed momentarily. Rose's first instance of confusing reality happens when she is accosted by the student at the party. While she registers that his name is David and that he is a former student, she recalls nothing else, and instead idly projects a history onto him, "He had probably been brought up in a gentle home, where people talked about answering Nature's call and blessed each other for sneezing." When Simon later fails to come to the house, Rose realizes that "Preparations court disaster," in that she had been preparing for one future that did not happen. To console herself, she then imagines alternate futures in which she takes action, either by calling him or writing him a note, or alternately, where he has taken action, by going traveling or having gotten married. She lives through all of these realities through the course of the weekend. Rose has lived through a number of different realities, between teaching and acting, but her relationships patterns seem to end with her fleeing regardless of what the situation was. AS she flees away from Simon, she imagines a number of possibilities for what he is doing, perhaps pulling up to her house. She imagines how the retionship would have only become more akward with time. To escape this cycle of depression, she has extended her excuse to the university, saying that she has run into a job opportunity a future she has accurately predicted for once. She lands an acting role and moves out to British Columbia. Months later, she meets a mutual acquaintance or hers and Simon's, at which point she learns that Simon has died, apparently from an illness that he had for some time. While the title of the story initially seems to relate to the anecdote Simon tells of escaping during World War II, it actually relates to his ultimate fate. For all of the possible futures that Rose had imagined for him, of all the endings she has ever experienced for relationships, his death was tailor made as the only possibility to truly exit her life. He will always be unique to her for that, if no other reason. And as for the

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Terrorism - Essay Example sequent to these, the following discussion aims at highlighting a case related to terrorism as shown in the movie â€Å"A Mighty Heart,† as well as my own personal opinions about terrorism. The movie a mighty heart features the world of Daniel Pearl, a reporter of the Wall Street Journal. He embarked on researching a story on a shoe bomber known as Richard Reid (Pearl, 11). The story led him to a place called Karachi where an informant was to give him details of an elusive source. As Daniel left for the meeting, he told his wife he could get late for dinner. However, Daniel never returned from this meeting. Supporters of Omar Sheikh kidnapped and beheaded him. This movie depicts one of the many incidences that have led to the death of innocent people. Daniel was in the course of doing his work, thus giving service to the society when he met his death. He was to expose facts associated with terror attacks in the U.S., thus assist in the fight against terrorism. However, the terrorists could not spare him for his bravery, leading to his demise. In response to this, I think people who opt to trend on such important missions should take such precautions as requesting for g overnment protection. In my opinion, terrorism bears adverse effects on the lives of people. It denies them the freedom to conduct their activities in a free manner as it evokes fear among them. It also hinders them from accomplishing their dreams in life as shown in the case of Daniel in the mighty heart movie. More to these, terrorism hinders the exploitation of people’s potential, thus hampering the process of development in any nation. When terror attacks are directed, for example, towards individuals, the family members of the targeted person experience a lot of suffering. The person may go missing for a considerable period leaving the family members in a confused state. The members go through a lot of emotional turmoil as they hope for a reunion with their beloved one. Eventual death of such

Oil prices and its effect on the global market Term Paper

Oil prices and its effect on the global market - Term Paper Example The developing countries are heavily dependent on oil exporting countries for their import of petroleum products. So if there is a rise in oil prices only the oil exporting countries benefit while bringing a destructive effect on the developing nations. What really affects the oil prices is the demand and supply of oil which we are going to look into detail later. The global market saw a recent surge in oil prices since the last two years with the most recent rate of today being $124 per barrel (forex.com). It was predicted that the production of crude oil must be increased by the oil producing countries to bring the prices down. The Arab oil exporters held a meeting in early 2011 in Cairo to discuss this issue but refused to increase oil production as they believe that the supply is sufficient in the market. The oil prices rose to $ 94.74 per barrel this year since October 2008 when oil prices were record breaking high. The forecasted trend is an increase in oil prices in the coming weeks touching up to $ 100 a barrel. After the financial crisis of 2008, OPEC or Oil Producing and Exporting Countries decreased their level of output in order to deliberately create a shortage so that prices go up. In 2010, the demand for oil increased and is expected to increase more in 2011. OPEC must release some of their stock and raise the supply of oil or else the prices can rise to unprecedented level of $ 150 per barrel. These unfavorable conditions can lead the world into another crisis. Body: The trading of oil is one of the most significant trading done in the world. Crude oil is a primary ingredient in many energy manufacturing and services industries. I certainly believe that oil should not be treated on the commodity exchange because it can have significant impact on the world economy. So if there is a fluctuation in oil prices it affects oil producers and exporters both. The market price for any product is determined by the demand and supply of it in the market. The desire to want something is defined as demand or when you realize that you want a product, can afford it, and have made a definite plan to buy it. The law of demand means that other things remaining the same, the higher the price of the good, the smaller is the quantity demanded The higher price of any product will reduce the quantity demanded for two reasons. A notable economist, Kotler has found that one of the reason is the substitution effect, that is, when the price of a product rises, other things remaining the same, its opportunity cost rises. Although each good is unique but has its substitutes, for example the substitute of oil in an energy producing plant could be water or solar energy to produce electricity. As the opportunity cost of a product rises, people have a tendency to buy less of that and more of its substitute. Another reason for change in quantity demanded is the income effect. When a price changes and all other influences on buying plans remaining the same, t he price rises relative to people’s incomes. So faces with a higher price and an unchanged income, people cannot afford all the things they previously bought. Subsequently, the demanded quantity reduces. Price has an inverse relationship with demand (Kotler, 2006). A supply is more than just having the resources and the technology to produce something but the

Challenges of Culture in Multinational Companies

Challenges of Culture in Multinational Companies As business becomes more global and the workforce ever diverse , the issue of culture becomes increasingly important for leaders and managers and their organisations.(Fons Trompenaars and peter [emailprotected] pg 3).In the present context of global business multinational companies are increasingly grappling with many challenges that arise mainly due to phenomenon of cultural complexity specially in situations where merger and acquisition, franchising ,takeovers and various other business reformation takes place. This phenomena specially call for establishment of sound system of human resource management which along with organisation culture is considered to be important requirement for modern management in such companies. The proposed study makes an attempt to investigate how the organisation culture of a multinational company gets transferred to a country other than its own with different national identity by the form of local human resource management. 2.1 Culture and nation: There are numerous definitions of culture that have been produced over the years. In search for an appropriate definition ,it would appear that there are many facets, with emphasis shifting according to the individual author.(Goffee and jones,1998).Moreover culture is impalpable, making definitions hard to relate .(Schein,1985;Goffee and jones,1998).However, reviewing a number of definitions does lead to the identification of common thread in thinking. Formal writing focused on the organisation culture concept began with Pettigrew(1979),He was the one who initiated the concept of culture which is primarily appertaine to anthrpology and bought it to the related concept such as symbolism, rituals, and myth can be put into use in the context of organisational analysis. It has been demonstrated by Dandridge(1980) how the study of myths as well as symbols help in exhibiting the profound structure that an organisation has. More researchers conducted recently including Denison and mishra(19 95),schein(1985),sieh and martin(1988,1990) and Wallach(1983) have given numerous definitions to the concept of culture. such a host of research difinitions can be assigned to varied research framework which different authors have adopted. According to Hofstede culture is viewed as software of the mind-collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group of people from another.(Hofstede book pg 5).Schein (1985) defines culture as the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation ,that operates unconsciously, and that define a basic taken for granted fashion in an organisations view of itself and its environment. [chris Brewster,pg14]. According to Tayeb (2003,p.10) culture involves historically evolved values, attitudes and meanings that are learned and shared by the members of a community and which influence their material and non-material way of life. Trompenaars and hampden-turner (1997) also gave prominence to shared meanings within a society, arguing that culture comprised not only agreed ways of living but also the ways in which a cultural group attributes meaning to their world that is how they make sense of it.[ray French page 16].According to dennis r.Briscoe and randall s.schuler, culture is the characteristic way of behaving and believing that a group of people in a country or region(or firm) have evolved over time and share.[ dennis r.Briscoe and randall s.schuler,pg116] A more long standing definition by hall(1959) suggests that culture is the pattern of taken for granted assumptions about how a given collection of people should think ,act, and feel as they go about their daily affairs(Hall,1959).While there are many other definitions of culture ,most commonly ,it is colloquially described as the ways things are done around here(Schein,1985;deal and kennedy:1988;Goffee and jones:1988).Although different in content,the parallel between these definitions is that culture is a collective way of perceiving things and behaving due to the sharing of an social environment. (Malcolm higgs and sally morton).Since 1990s there has been an increasing recognition of the difference that people can make to an organisations effectiveness and performance.(Ullrich,1997;IPD 2000). Organisational culture has become a important topic ,as it is seen to be underpinning, intangible infrastructure which influences how people behave at work.(Schien,1985;Goffee and jones,1998).There may be more and more companies globalise ,they may be configuring structures and systems for greater integration.(Collins and porras1997;Trompenaars and woollians,1999).Achieving commitment to a global strategy through an effective organisational culture is attractive, particularly for those operating in a highly competitive marketplace.(Goffee and jones,1998).The complexities of culture make it difficult for managers to understand and manage.(Schein,1985:Goffee and jones,1998).This is further compounded by the often confusing cross-cultural interactions required of those working in a multi-cultural setting, and invariably leads to misunderstandings.(Hofstede,1991;Garrison,1998).But if the culture is an powerful as we are supposed to believe ,then the benefits may be enormous.(Garrison,199 8;Hall,1990;Sparrow,1994).Therefore sometimes it is vital that businesses understand what influences organisational culture to help determine how best it should be configured and nurtured to support the business.( Schein,1985;Hall,1990;Sparrow,1994). Hofstede (1991) had used four terms to describe the way cultural differences manifest themselves they are symbols, rituals, heroes and values. He illustrates this is the form of onion with symbols representing the most superficial layer and values being the deepest manifestations of culture. [Hilary harris.p16-17] http://home.mnet-online.de/wendland/publications/img/oniondiagram.png Hofstede 1991 Trompenaars (1995) model of culture is almost identical to scheins model of 1985.Both model refer to culture as being multi-layered using the terms like artefacts and products for the more visible outer layer, norms and values and basic assumptions at the centre. Hofstede(1991) identified three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming such as human nature, culture and personality. Hofstede asserts that culture is something that is learned ,not inherited and that it derives from ones social environment ,not from ones genes unlike human nature which is universal and inherited ,and personality which is specific to individuals and is a mix of both inherited and learned. Schien(1985) also takes the same view that culture is learned through a group experience. Culture is multi-dimensional and therefore manifests itself in many ways. Schneider and barsoux(1997) refer to industry ;profession; national ;religion; functional and company as the interacting cultural spheres of influences. For the purpose of this literature, the main emphasis is on company culture, also referred as corporate or organisational culture. However, as an international company is being considered the impact of national culture cannot be ignored, particularly in the dyna mic and global market -place of todays business environment.(Hofstede,1991;Barnham and oates,1991;joynt,1999). The various definition of culture are also influenced by an authors particular field of study within the social sciences(Hall,1976).As culture is about perceptions and behaviours in groups, the study of culture is mainly had its roots in sociology, psychology and anthropology. The influence of economics, politics and religion are also considered to be key influencing factors that Garrison(1998) describes as the culture bedrock. The commonality between differing perspectives on culture is that there are value systems involved within groups in all of these types of social sciences-members of such groups each live by a set of common values and beliefs and system of meaning. (Malcolm higgs and sally morton).The culture of a country has been recognised for long as a major characteristic appertained to environment underlying behavioural differences in a systematic was norm as wel l as beliefs related to culture serve as powerful forces determining the perceptions ,behaviours and depositions of people.(Markus and kitayama,1991).culture gets reflection in common tendencies regarding enduring preference for specific state of affair over others,enduring preferences for certain social processes over others, an rules for selective attention ,interpretation of environment cues, as well as responses.(steenkamp,2001) There are several focus on national culture. some of them may be merely for the society, others for many ,if not all the societies at the same time. The present study aims to focus on those cultural dimensions that are several societies .Earlier, research on cross-cultural aspects was occasionally considered to be not painstaking since healthy, theory based frameworks of national culture had no existence. Valid fundamental frameworks depicting aspects of variation in national culture are of crucial significant in evolving a nomological structure able to integrate various attitudinal as well as behavioural phenomena offering a strong national advancing hypotheses which expatiate on systematic variation between various cultures in attitudinal and behavioural times.(Smith,1996.steenkamp,2001) References for 2.1 TROMPENAARS,F .AND WOLLIAMS,P.2003.BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES.ENGLAND:CAPSTONE PUBLISHING LTD. GOFFEE,R.AND JONES,G.1998.THE CHARACTER OF A CORPORATION.LONDON HARPER COLLINS. SCHEIN,E.1985.ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND LEADRERSHIP.BOSTON:JOSSEY-BASS BREWSTER,C.SPARROW,P.VERNON.G.2008.INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.2ND EDITION.LONDON:CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL AND DEVELOPMENT SPARROW,P.BREWSTER,C.HARRIS,H.2004.GLOBALIZING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.LONDON:ROUTLEDGE. BRISCOE,D.SCHULER,R.1995.INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. 2ND EDITION.NEW YORK:PRENTICE HALL. HALL,E.1959.THE SILENT LANGUAGE.NEW YORK:ANCHOR PRESS. DEAL,T.AND KENNEDY,A.1998.CORPORATE CULTURES.THE RITES AND RITUALS OF CORPORATE LIFE.MIDDLESEX:PENGUIN BOOKS. ULLRICH,D.1997HR OF THE FUTURE:CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS:HR MANAGEMENT,36(1),PP 175-179 IPD.2000HR AND THE BOTTOM LINE.LONDON:IPD COLLINS,J.AND PORRAS,J.1999.BUILT TO LAST.LONDON:RANDOM HOUSE TROMPENAARS,F.AND WOOLLIAMS,P.1999.TRANS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE.PEOPLE MANAGEMENT,VOL.5,NO.8,PP.30-37 HOFSTEDE,G.1991.CULTURES AND ORGANSATIONS:SOFTWARE OF THE MIND.LONDON:MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY. GARRISON,T.1998.INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CULTURE.LONDON:ELM PUBLICATIONS. HALL,E.1990.UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.NEW YORK:INTERCULTURAL PRESS. SPARROW,P.SCHULER,R AND JACKSON,S.1994.CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE:HUMAN RESOURCES PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR COMPETATIVE ADVANTAGE WORLDWIDE,THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT5:2,MAY 1994 SCHNEIDER,S AND BARSOUX,J.1997.MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES.LONDON:PRENTICE HALL BARHAM,K.AND OATES,D.1991.THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGER.LONDON:ECONOMIST BOOKS. JOYNT.1999.THE GLOBAL HR MANAGER.LONDON:IPD HALL,E.1976.BEYOND CULTURE.NEW YORK:ANCHOR PRESS. STEENKAMP AND JAN-DBENEDICT.E,M.2001.THE ROLE OF NATIONAL CULTURE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING RESEARCH.INTERNATIONAL MARKETING REVIEW,VOLUME 18,NUMBER1,PP30-44 MARKUS,H.R AND KITAYAMA,S.1991. CULTURE AND THE SELF:IMPLICATIONA FOR COGNITION,EMOTION AND MOTIVATION,PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW,98,2,PP224-53. DENSION,D AND MISHRA,A.1995. TOWARD A THEORY OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND EFFECTIVENESS,ORGANSIATION SCIENCE.6.2,PP204-23. PETTIGREW,A.M.1979. ON STUDYING ORGANISATIONAL CULTURES.ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE.QUARTERLY,24.PP570-81 SIEHL,C AND MARTIN,J.1988. MEASURING ORGANSIATION CULTURE:MIXING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS,IN JONES, M.O,MOORE,M.D,SYNDER,R.C(EDS),INSIDE ORGANSIATIONS:UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS.NEWBURY PARK,CA:SAGE PUBLICATIONS.pp79-103 SIEHL,C AND MARTIN,J.1990. ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE:A KEY TO FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE,IN SCHNEIDER,B (EDS),ORGANSIATIONAL CLIMATE AND CULTURE,JOSSEY,SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp 241-81. WALLACH,E.1983. INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANSIATIONS:THE CULTURAL MATCH.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL,pp29-36 DANDRIDGE,T.MITROFF,I AND JOYCE,W.1980. ORGANSIATIONAL SYMBOLISM:A TOPIC TO EXPAND ORGANSIATIONAL ANALYSIS.ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT.REVIEW 5.pp 248-56 (Malcolm higgs and sally morton). .(Smith,1996. 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Losing My Edge :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Losing My Edge I was friends with everyone on the North team, our rivals, but during the season, we seemed liked enemies. We always talked crap to each other. "Who's going to state this year?" We would say. Back to us they would respond, "Who went to State last year?" The whole season, we anticipated playing North. It all started since the first practice. Our coach would scream, "North is practicing harder than you, they are getting in shape, they are preparing." This made us very angry and his tactics to do better did push us. The day seemed so far away, but the calendar days grew closer and closer to this well-prepared day. I made sure to eat my carbohydrates and to get enough sleep the night before. Finally I had reached the day, and school dragged on forever. The bus ride took forever as we traveled the thawed out highways, anticipation was in the air. When entering the gym, after debarking the bus, I took a deep breath as my stomach filled with butterflies, thinking about everything I carried on my shoulders and all that was expected of me, especially when imagining everyone who would be there. My parents, sister, grandparents, aunts, uncles, friends, peers, coaches and teammates all expected the best. "How nerve racking." I muttered under my breath. When we were in the lockeroom, I felt cadged like an animal. "This its it! It's your turn." Our coach yelled. Finally we escaped from the lockeroom into the crowded gym. This would determine who would go to the State Tournament. Excitement raced through our bones, as our names were announced for the line-up. "Jenna Osheim, 6'0'', senior forward!" My body got the shivers as I ran to the middle of the floor. The referee threw the ball into the air and the race was on. Half time, and the game w as neck in neck. Time ticked away and we were both battling back and forth. "Come on Jenna, it's up to us!" a teammate of mine said to pump me up. I wasn't having a very good game and was getting down on myself. We couldn't lose to this team, as we did the year before. We battled back and forth, we would score, and then they would answer our call. The last minute lasted forever, the referee made a bad call and buzzer finally sounded, leaving us to fall short of one point to have a total score of 54-53.

Working Conditions for Children During Industrial Revolution

Working Conditions of Children During the Industrial Revolution During the beginning of the industrial revolution there was a high demand for labour. Families travelled from rural farm areas to newly industrialized and larger cities in hope of finding new work. To survive even in the lowest class of poverty families would have had to have every single able family member working, this includes children. Children as young as six were put to work in factories. They worked for up too 19 hours a day with only one hours break in total.Work was hard and the children were often paid barely anything. These fragile human beings were; frequently overworked, underpaid and ill treated for a long time. They didn’t have small jobs either; their jobs were physically intense and required a lot of effort and strength. With little medical knowledge in comparison to today these children were prevented from growing healthily and naturally. Deformedness was common amongst many of the children due t o the high amount of physical exertion performed by them.Their growth was slowed down and they suffered in multiple other ways. The treatment of children in factories was horrendous to say the least. They were verbally abused and little care was payed to their safety and wellbeing. Sever punishments were also in place for the slightest disobedience. It was incredibly unsafe to work in the factory environment due to the large machineries used, which very often proved a hazard to the children. With the enormous machines fingers and body parts of theses skinny children could often result in deaths due to serious injuries or accidents.Sometimes children fell asleep from working excessive hours and occasionally the sheer force of the machines would just crush them. In factories that were unsanitary there was harsh exposure to dangerous chemicals and toxins consistently. Some children died from excessive inhalation of the fumes. Children who worked in coalmines often died from explosions and injuries. Overall there was extreme difficulty faced with being a child and having to grow up working during the industrial revolution.

How Was the Piece Received at Its First Performance?

Explore the circumstances surrounding the composition of the last movement of the Drum Roll Symphony. How was the piece received at its first performance? Haydn wrote Symphony 103 (nicknamed the Drum Roll Symphony due to the long roll on the kettle drums at the start of the 1st movement) in the winter of 1794/1795 during his second visit to London. The success and popularity Haydn experienced in London during his first visit made him eager to return, along with the demand from Salomon that he should compose 6 new symphonies that Salomon himself would conduct in a series of concerts.However this trip, which was planned to be in the winter of 1793, was postponed due to the reluctance of Prince Anton to let Haydn have a second leave of absence (during this time there was much unrest in Europe). Haydn contented himself to stay in Vienna for a while and finally left for London on January 19, 1794, arriving two days after the scheduled first concert Salomon had promised him. Haydn’s visit to London was highly anticipated by the public and his fame meant he spent time in the highest of company including The Prince of Wales and the Dukes of Cumberland and Gloucester with whom he performed chamber music.These social events did not get in the way of his compositions and he produced a flood of music including his last 6 symphonies (it is thought that he had decided earlier that he would compose no more symphonies after his return to Vienna). This can be seen in Symphony 103 which was his penultimate symphony. While in his first visit to London he adjusted his style to please the audience, he was now sure they were on his side and so his last six symphonies aimed to push his listeners.They were more complex and overall were on a grander scale than his previous symphonies. Symphony 103 has many unusual features in it which shows Haydn’s interest in exploring the boundaries of his composition. Symphony 103, like a lot of his other works, has influences from the traditional music he heard during his 30 years working as the Kapellmeister for Prince Esterhazy of Austria. During the summer the family, and so Haydn, would spend time in their summer palace of Esterhaza which was in Hungary on the border with Austria.There, Haydn became hugely interested in the local traditional music as well as Croatian folk songs which he heard from people living in Croatian ethnic enclaves found on the east border of Austria with Hungary. These influences can be heard throughout the symphony, with the 3rd movement using some of the unusual Hungarian rhythms and the last being based on an old Croatian folk tune, which is first played by the violins after the horn opening, called â€Å"Divjcica potok gazi† which means â€Å"the little girl treads on a brook†.The song melody lineHaydn’s adaptation for his symphony While the earlier movements were meant to challenge the audience, the last movement of most of Haydn’s symphonies was a li vely, dance-like piece which would be light and undemanding (at least for the listener! ). Haydn clearly had this in mind when composing the last movement of this symphony as it is full of energy and variety with varying polyphonic and homophonic texture. However he did still use new ideas such as giving the bases and cellos a separate line in some parts which had hardly been done before.He also took advantage in using a clarinet which was a new instrument in that time and had only been used by him once before in symphony 102. This symphony was performed in the fourth of the Opera concerts on Monday 2rd March 1795. This was not where the symphony was originally meant to premiere as Salomon had planned it to be part of his own concert series however Salomon suddenly had to pull out of doing his own series due to being in financial disarray.Be that as it may, he agreed to that Haydn could perform his new symphonies in the Opera Concerts, in which series he himself frequently appeared as soloist. The new concerts were arranged on the largest scale known at that time. The performances took place every two weeks starting on Monday 2nd February 1795 in the great new concert hall of the King's Theatre which seated 800 audiences, more than most of the other important concert venues. Viotti was the artistic director and Haydn shared the conductorship with Vincenzo Federici, who for three years had been accompanist at the Italian opera in London.The orchestra led by the violinist William Cramer and comprised of no less than sixty players which was one of the largest orchestras seen in that day. Haydn himself was thought to have played the fortepiano in this premiere although this is now usually left out of performances. The piece was played, as requested by Haydn, in the second half so it could show its superiority over the other works played in the concert. The symphony was a complete success as the Sun wrote â€Å"HAYDN's new Overture was much applauded.It is a fine mixture of grandeur and fancy. † The Morning Chronicles reviewer also wrote â€Å"Another new Overture, by the fertile and enchanting Haydn, was performed; which, as usual, had continual strokes of genius, both in air and harmony. The Introduction excited deepest attention, the Allegro charmed, the Andante was encored, the Minuets, especially the trio, were playful and sweet, and the last movement was equal, if not superior to the preceding. † It is said that the second movement was even encored.The symphony was later played again as it was so popular however before Haydn introduced to Vienna he made a cut in the final. This cut took away the modulation into C flat, which although stood alone in this movement, was hinted at in the 3rd movement. This cut made the Finale tighter and conductors have kept this cut in out of respect for Haydn. Overall though this symphony showed the genius that Haydn was in being able to turn a simple tune into a complex and demanding sympho ny and paved the way for him to be known as â€Å"the Shakespeare of music†.